How did the first alphabetic writing system arise from pictorial systems?

Before the alphabet was invented, early writing systems had been based on pictographic symbols known as hieroglyphics, or on cuneiform wedges, produced by pressing a stylus into soft clay. 1 Where was the first alphabet system developed? 2 What was the first alphabetic writing system? 3 Who decided alphabetical order? 4 Who introduced

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How did the Chinese perceive the first European arrivals and what was the result of their first interactions?

How did the Chinese perceive the first European arrivals, and what was the result of their first interactions? Chinese officials found the Europeans’ behavior barbaric and expelled them from China. Later, they allowed the Europeans to occupy Macao. 1 How did the Qing government limit contact between the Europeans and the Chinese? 2

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